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Hepatitis C (Hep C) is a viral infection that affects the liver and can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong condition. Many people with Hep C do not experience symptoms for years or even decades, making it known as a “silent” disease. However, as the infection progresses, individuals may begin to experience signs of liver damage.
Early Symptoms of Hepatitis C
Most people with acute (short-term) Hep C do not show symptoms. However, if symptoms appear, they typically develop within 2 to 12 weeks after exposure to the virus. Early symptoms may include:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or vomiting
- Joint pain
- Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right side
- Dark urine
- Clay-colored stools
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
In many cases, the immune system is unable to clear the virus, leading to chronic (long-term) Hepatitis C.
Chronic Hepatitis C Symptoms
Chronic Hepatitis C can go unnoticed for years or even decades because it progresses slowly. However, as the liver becomes more damaged, symptoms may emerge, including:
- Persistent fatigue – Feeling extremely tired even with adequate rest
- Muscle and joint pain – Ongoing aches and stiffness
- Brain fog – Difficulty concentrating, remembering things, or feeling mentally sluggish
- Unexplained weight loss – Loss of appetite or weight without changes in diet
- Swelling in the legs or abdomen – A sign of liver dysfunction
- Bruising or bleeding easily – The liver plays a role in blood clotting, so damage can lead to increased bruising
- Itchy skin – Liver disease can cause itching due to bile buildup in the bloodstream
- Jaundice – A yellow tint to the skin and eyes, signaling liver distress
When to See a Doctor
If you have any risk factors for Hepatitis C—such as past injection drug use, a blood transfusion before 1992, or unprotected sex with someone who has Hep C—it’s important to get tested, even if you feel fine. Early detection and treatment can prevent serious liver damage and significantly improve your health.
If you are experiencing symptoms like severe fatigue, jaundice, swelling, or unexplained weight loss, seek medical attention as soon as possible.
What to Do Next
If you think you may have Hepatitis C or are experiencing symptoms, take the following steps:
Get Tested
A simple blood test can detect Hep C.
Consult a Doctor
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Learn About Treatment
New antiviral medications can cure Hep C in most people.
Take Care of Your Liver
Avoid alcohol, eat a healthy diet, and discuss lifestyle changes with your doctor.
Hepatitis C is a treatable condition. The sooner you take action, the better your chances of preventing complications like liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.